Literature : An Origin

     Literature can be said as a form of human expression. Literature is the mirror of our society. It is an art of expressing our innermost feelings in different ways. It allows us to interpret our own life and emotions and find ways to relate our own story so we in turn can reflect.But There are various types of literatures.

African Literature :

African literature can be divided into three forms of literature :

1.     Precolonial African Literature   

2.     Colonial African Literature   

3.  Postcolonial African Literature     

Colonialism In Literature :

  

1. Precolonial African Literature:

      Pre colonial literature is often takes the form of oral narratives that are sometimes accompanied by music and center around the trickster figure.

2. Colonial African Literature:

      It examines the horror and the slave trade, revolting against colonialism and drawing inspiration from African's past.

     3. Postcolonial African Literature:

         It focuses on the clash between indigenous and colonial cultures, expressing hope for Africa's future.

      African literature also includes themes of women finding strength in each other's company when abandoned or dismissed by their husband and father's who are in turn subjugated by the English. It also says about struggles of women.

      Some of the African Literature Writers ,China Achebe(1930 - 2013), Bessie Head (1937 - 1986), Nelson Mandela (1918 - 2013). Aminatta Forma, Ben Okri Some of the famous books are " So long a Letter"- Mariana Ba, "Arrow of God " - Chinua Achebe etc.

Indian Literature

History Of Indian Literature in Summary :

          Indian literature is generally acknowledged as one of the oldest in the world. India has 22 officially recognized languages and a huge variety of literature has been produced in these languages over the years In Indian literature, oral and written forms are both important.

Attaining heaven (Mukthi) and "Rein carnation" are the two main focus of Hinduism. Charity (Dana) is the concept that is emphasized in Vedas to attain heaven according to the doctrine of karma.

Deeds : "Deeds of the past determine the state of the present". If noble deeds are done in the past, noble in the present is assured.

Human values : It is also the characteristics of Indian literature. Some of the works says about how a human should be obedient in this society. It also says about bravery in war, not breaking promises at any cost etc.

Love :love is one of the major characteristic focused on Indian literature. All forms of love as parental love, Marital love, love of brothers, love of friends are included.

Indian literature reflects the caste system is employed in the two epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata.

The poetic forms was considered as the standard written form in ancient India literature was in verses. Ramayana has 24000 verses and Mahabharata has over 100,000 verses. Sacred books were also in the poetic form called Mantras that recited during workshop.

Indian Literature Writers ; Rabindranath Tagore,Khuswant Singh,Saratchandra Chattopadhyay

Greek literature

           Greek literature dates from Ancient Greek literature, beginning in 800 BC to the Modern Greek literature of today. They are divided into:

·         Pre-classical

·         Classical

·         Hellenistic

·         Roman period

Pre-classical:

          This literature primary revolve around myths and includes works like Homer, Iliad and Odyssey.

Classical period:

  This period saw dawn of drama and history. Three philosophers are especially notable Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.

Roman Era:

         During Roman Era significant contributions were made in a variety of subjects including history philosophy and the science.

        Greek literature is characterized by its ground breaking genres, ranging from poetry to drama and it's strict forms of meter. Greek literature includes lyrical poems. Comedical dramas, tragedies philosophies and historical writing. The genres often dealt with political issues God's and historical legends of wars and warriors. The western literature began with Greek literature.

       Some of the famous Roman Poets are, Virgil,Lucan,Seneca The Younger and Petronius, Martial